Niagara Peninsula – click to enlarge
Ontario – click to enlarge
The Niagara Peninsula wine region is located in Ontario, near Lake Ontario’s southern shores, and is Canada’s largest and most productive viticultural area. It stretches roughly 55km between the eastern limits of Hamilton City and the left bank of the Niagara River as it flows into Lake Ontario. The region is split into two regional appellations, Niagara-on-the-Lake and the Niagara Escarpment, and further into ten sub-appellations: Beamsville Bench, Creek Shores, Four Mile Creek, Lincoln Lakeshore, Niagara Lakeshore, Niagara River, Short Hills Bench, St.Davids Bench, Twenty Mile Bench and Vinemount Ridge.
It shares the Ontario wine region with Prince Edward County and Lake Erie North Shore.
The region lies at around 43-44 degrees North, which is a relatively northern latitude. This location results in cooler temperatures as compared to more southerly wine regions. Due to this, the area is known for producing excellent cool climate varietals. The nearby lake’s moderating effect helps mitigate temperature extremes, keeping the region cooler during summers and warmer during winters. As a result, the risk of frost damage is reduced, and the growing season is extended. This slower grape ripening allows for the development of complex flavours while retaining acidity. The region is particularly famous for its Ice wines, which take advantage of the cold winters. During this period, grapes freeze naturally on the vine, concentrating their sugars and flavours.
Wine production in the Niagara Peninsula dates back to the early 19th century when the first European settlers established vineyards. Winemaking had expanded by the late 19th century, with commercial wineries emerging. Like other regions, the area faced challenges during the Prohibition era in the early 20th century, leading to some vineyards being uprooted or converted to other crops. The revival began in the mid-20th century, driven by a renewed interest in wine culture and advancements in winemaking techniques. Wineries started to modernize, and the region gained recognition, winning awards and accolades, particularly for Ice wines.
The region also produces a wide range of excellent examples of Riesling, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc and Pinot Noir.
